10^th International Conference on Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases October 25-26, 2021 Amsterdam, Netherlands

Neuropsychiatry, area of science and medicine focused on the integrated study of psychiatric and neurological conditions and on the treatment of individuals with neurologically based disorders. In science, neuropsychiatry supports the field of neuroscience and is used to better understand the neurological underpinnings of psychiatric and neurologic disorders and to examine the treatment and care of persons with neurological conditions, particularly those that affect behaviour. In medicine, neuropsychiatry forms part of a subspecialty known as behavioral neurology and neuropsychiatry.

Neurophysiology is the study of nerve cells (neurons) as they receive and transmit information. A branch of physiology and neuroscience that focuses on the functioning of the nervous system. The word originated from the Greek word νεῦρον meaning "nerve" and -λογία meaning "knowledge". The study of neurophysiology emerged as early as 4000BC. The focus was to understand the nervous system through the brain and spinal cord and the connection it has with mental health. Current methods used to utilize the research of neurophysiology include electrophysiological recordings, such as:

Neuropsychology is concerned with how an individual's cognition and behavior are associated with the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Neuropsychologists often focus on how injuries or illnesses of the brain affect cognitive and behavioral functions.

It is both an experimental and clinical field of psychology, thus understanding how behavior and cognition are influenced by brain function and concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral and cognitive effects of neurological disorders. While classical neurology focuses on the pathology of the nervous system and is largely divorced from it, neuropsychology seeks to discover how the brain correlates with the mind through the study of neurological patients. Thus it shares concepts and concerns with neuropsychiatry and with behavioral neurology in general. The term neuropsychology has been applied to lesion studies in humans and animals and has also been applied in efforts to record electrical activity from individual cells in higher primates.

Tourette Syndrome is a nervous system disorder involving repetitive movements or unwanted sounds. It starts in childhood and involves uncontrollable repetitive movements or unwanted sounds (tics), such as repeatedly blinking the eyes, shrugging shoulders or blurting out offensive words. The exact cause of Tourette syndrome isn't known. It's a complex disorder likely caused by a combination of inherited (genetic) and environmental factors. Chemicals in the brain that transmit nerve impulses (neurotransmitters), including dopamine and serotonin, might play a role.

Common triggers include:

• Stressful events, such as a family fight or poor performance at school.
• Allergies, physical illness, or fatigue.
• Anger or excitement. Difficulties with other kids can make your child angry or frustrated.

Treatment may include medication or psychological therapies.

In clinical study, a case report signifies the detailed report of symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of an individual patient suffering neurological disorders. Case reports may contain a demographic profile of the patient but usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence. Case reports have been playing a pivotal role in medical education, providing a structure for case-based learning and implementation.

• Multiple sclerosis
• Randomized
• Double-blinded

Placebo-controlled

New therapies for stroke can be developed by understanding the mechanisms of neuronal death which includes the role of excitotoxic neurotransmitters, free radical production and apoptotic pathways.The cognitive approaches and rehabilitation therapy of stroke are cognitive impairment  involves a vast array of difficulties including judgment, memory, attention, problem solving skills, visuospatial deficits, orientation and recovery of memory impairments following Stroke. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy treatment is one approach for treating primarily behavioral neurological issues and also formerly known as talk therapy. The other therapeutic methods which are preferred through medications such as the neuroleptics which are used to treat Organic Disorders of the brain such as Schizophrenia to comparatively simple analgesics, such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen and opiates to treat the painful effects of several Neurological Ailments.

• Ischemic cascade
• Oxidative stress
• The transcription factor Nrf2
• Schemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury
• Post-ischemic inflammation
• Cytokines and brain inflammation
• Matrix metalloproteinases
• Regulatory T lymphocytes

Neuropharmacology is the learning of how drugs influence cellular function in the nervous system and the neural mechanisms through which they influence behavior.Advanced studies are being made to improvise developments in drugs to treat numerous diverse neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative disease known to be Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, Dementia, Addiction, Psychological Disorders.

• Neurochemical interactions
• Molecular neuropharmacology
• Behavioral neuropharmacology

Stroke is one of the main leading causes of long term adult disability which is affecting approximately 995,000 people each year in the USA. Someone who suffered a stroke can improve functions and sometimes remarkable recoveries by early recovery and rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation is a complex medical process which aims to aid recovery from a nervous system injury. Neurological rehabilitation program is aimed to create awareness about the Neurological Disorders and its Diagnosis. Neurologist, physiatrist, rehabilitation nurse and therapist provide special guidance and care to stroke affected patients.The goal of a stroke rehabilitation program is to help you relearn skills which are lost when stroke affected part of brain. Stroke Rehabilitation can help to regain independence and improve the quality of life.

• Strengthening motor skills
• Mobility training
• Constraint-induced therapy
• Range-of-motion therapy
• Noninvasive brain stimulation
• Psychological evaluation and treatment
• Medications
• Biological therapies
• Alternative medicine

The goal of this session is to know nursing activities that have the potential to maximize outcomes for severe brain disorders. In this session we will be discussing about: advance practice nursing, geriatric nursing, movement disorders, multiple sclerosis, neuro-oncology, neurotrauma, pediatrics nursing, spine and stroke

The clinical signs and symptoms related to mass effect like seizures, headache and neurological and cognitive deficits. Chemotherapy treatment of brain tumor is done with anti-cancer drugs which are given to destroy or control cancer cells Morphological assessment is done by using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging which is still the workhorse of tumor detection.The technology assisted facilities such as Cranial electrical stimulation and Transcranial magnetic stimulation are helpful in brain recovery.

• Catheter cerebral angiography
• Doppler Ultrasonography
• Imaging Techniques
• Trageted Drug Delivery with Ultrasound
• CT scans
• MRI

Stroke is a "Brain Attack" and it can happen to anyone at any time. Stroke happened when blood flow to an area of brain is cut off. When this happens brain cells are deprived of oxygen and begin to die. When brain cells die during a stroke, abilities controlled by that area of the brain such as memory and muscle control are lost.

• Ischemic stroke
• Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
• Hemorrhagic stroke
• Thrombotic stroke
• Intracerebral hemorrhage
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Risk assessment of stroke is the systematic process of evaluating the potential risk of stroke that may be involved in a projected activity. Various tools are being used for the assessment of stroke one of them is SRAT (Stroke Risk Assessment Tool) and it is based on complex algorithms that controls factors associated with stroke and chronic diseases. Prevention of stroke can be achieved by identifying and controlling personal risk factors such as high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, high cholesterol, diabetes and circulation problems.

The goal for the acute management / Stroke Management of patients with stroke is to stabilize the patient and to complete initial evaluation and assessment, including imaging and laboratory studies, within 60 minutes of patient arrival. Critical decisions focus on the need for intubation, blood pressure control, and determination of risk/benefit for thrombolytic intervention. General Management of Patients With Acute Stroke:

Blood glucose:Treat hypoglycemia with D50

Treat hyperglycemia with insulin if serum glucose >200 mg/dL

Blood pressure: For thrombolysis candidates and noncandidates

Cardiac monitor: Continuous monitoring for ischemic changes or atrial fibrillation

Intravenous fluids: Avoid D5W and excessive fluid administration

IV isotonic sodium chloride solution at 50 mL/h unless otherwise indicated

Oral intake: NPO initially; aspiration risk is great, avoid oral intake until swallowing assessed

Oxygen: Supplement if indicated (Sa02< 94%)

Temperature: Avoid hyperthermia; use oral or rectal acetaminophen and cooling blankets as needed

• Thrombolytic Therapy
• Stabilization of Airway and Breathing
• Intravenous Access and Cardiac Monitoring

Mental Health is a level of psychological well-being or an absence of Mental Illness. It is the "psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment, the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.

• Anxiety disorders
• Mood disorders
• Psychotic disorders
• Eating disorders
• Mental Health Counselling
• Mental Health & Rehabilitation
• Mental Health Nursing Practice
• Mental Illness & Treatment

Neuro Oncology is study of treatment for patients with cancers of the brain and nervous system. There are some of the conditions and symptoms which includes: Acoustic neuroma, Brain Metastases, Astrocytoma, Chordoma, Ependymoma, Craniopharyngioma, Glioblastome multiforme, Glioma , Lymphoma, Meningioma, Medulloblastoma, Oligodendroglioma, Braintumors, Pineal tumor and Schwannoma. Brain Tumors are classified on the basis of the location of the tumor and the type of tissue involved and may be malignant or benign. Primary brain tumor arise from the brain cells and include astroglial tumors, oligodendroglial tumors, Neuroglial Tumors, ependymal tumors, embryonal cell tumors , and germ-cell tumors. Secondary or metastatic tumors metastasize from another part of the body and are more common than primary brain tumors. The most common types of cancer that spreads to the brain include melanoma, breast, colon and lung.

• Astrocytoma
• Glioma
• Glioblastoma Multiforme
• Ependymoma
• Pontine Glioma
• Brain stem tumors

Huntington’s disease is inherited from Parents and often symptoms will be more like Parkinson’s disease which include problem with mood, mental abilities, Swallowing, Speaking, Sleep Disturbances followed by loss of co-ordination and unsteady gait. A gene called HTT(Huntingtin) which is responsible for coding protein Huntingtin, if any mutation to that gene it will cause disturbances in the brain and results in death of brain cell and leads to Huntington’s disease. Abnormalities with the mutant huntingtin include Cardiac Failure, Weight Loss, Osteoporosis, reduced glucose level. This condition is normally observed in the individuals under the age of fifties.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive disease of nervous system that possess symptoms which continue and become worse over time. It is the second commonest neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, and in the UK, has a lifetime prevalence of between 0.1 and 0.3% of the population. The basic reason behind this condition is malfunction and death of vital nerve cells in brain. In normal conditions nerve cells present in the brain produces a neurotransmitter called dopamine that is responsible for signalling movement, emotions and co-ordination but in the case of diseased individual dopamine production slows down, hence the individual become unable to control the movement normally. There is no cure but treatment involves medication and surgery. Slowness of voluntary movements, reduced facial appearance, repetitious tongue, and diminished eye flashing, A shuffling gait with deprived arm swing and curved posture, Shaky stability; difficulty rising from a sitting position, Swallowing problems in later stages.

Alzheimer's is the most common form of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. Alzheimer's is the most common form of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. Alzheimer's is not a normal part of aging.

1:Risk Factors of alzheimers

2:Diagnosis of alzheimers

3:Treatments of alzheimers

4:Clinical Studies of alzheimers

5:Alzheimer’s disease Pathophysiology and Disease Mechanisms

CNS Disorders is a broad category of conditions in which the brain does not properly function, limiting health and organs functionality. CNS Disorders can affect either the brain or the spinal cord which results in psychiatric disorders or Neurological Disorders.T he causes of CNS Disease are Stroke, Brain Trauma, Autoimmune Disorders, Infections, Structural Defects, Degeneration and Tumors. So here we focus on Mood Disorders, Neurodegenerative Disease, Schizophrenia and Austism. Meningitis is a relatively rare infection that affects the delicate membranes called meninges that cover the brain and spinal cord. Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain which is caused by infection or allergic reactions.

• Autism
• Arachnoid cysts
• Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Bipolar disorder
• Catalepsy
• Encephalitis
• Epilepsy/Seizures
• Meningitis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Myelopathy

Cerebrovascular is made up of two parts – "cerebro" which refers to the large part of the brain, and "vascular" which means arteries and veins. Together, the word cerebrovascular refers to blood flow in the brain. The term cerebrovascular disease includes all disorders in which an area of the brain is temporarily or permanently affected by ischemia or bleeding and one or more of the cerebral blood vessels are involved in the pathological process. Cerebrovascular disease includes stroke, carotid stenosis, vertebral stenosis and intracranial stenosis, aneurysms, and vascular malformations.

• Congenital cerebrovascular diseases
• Atherosclerosis
• Embolism,
• Aneurysms
• Arterial dissections
• Hypertension
• Addiction
• Moyamoya disease
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Amyloid angiopathy
• Aphasia
• Arteriovenous malformations

Neurodegenerative Disease is an umbrella term for a range of conditions which primarily affect the neurons in the human brain.Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord. Neurons normally don’t reproduce or replace themselves, so when they become damaged or die they cannot be replaced by the body. Neurodegenerative diseases: 

• Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias
• Parkinson’s disease (PD) and PD-related disorders
• Prion disease
• Motor neurone diseases (MND)
• Huntington’s disease (HD)
• Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA)
• Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)